An employee should select a 401k rollover if he wants to refrain from having to look after and manage multiple 401k accounts and also pay extra in terms of the account charges towards administration of all those accounts. In this way, the account owner can continue to achieve decades of tax-deferred compounding that his invested funds earn in a 401k account. A major advantage of a 401k-retirement plan is that the employee has an option to retain it throughout his career. When changing a job/employer, the investor can choose any of the four alternatives:

1.) Leave the funds in the old employers 401k plan An employee can choose to leave his funds in the old employers 401k plan by paying record keeping and other charges to the account administrator to manage the account. The current employment of an employee does not affect continuing the 401k-account with a previous employer. If the employee has switched jobs several times over, it can lead to multiple 401k accounts leading to complexity in managing them as well as incurring their separate management fee by the employee.

2.) Undertake a 401k rollover to the new employers 401k plan An employee can refrain from having to look after multiple 401k accounts by choosing to rollover to the new employers 401k plan. This becomes possible if the employee gets a new job offer before leaving his current employer. Choosing this option tends to simplify things for an employee. However, before going for a rollover, the account owner must check the investment options of the new 401k-plan into which he is rolling over his previous account. The employee can even choose to rollover into an IRA account.

3.) Undertake a 401k rollover into an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) Choosing to rollover a 401k account is considered the best alternative for those employees who are interested in building up a comfortable retirement fund as it allows an employees savings to continue compounding tax-deferred while providing total control at the same time over asset allocation. This is how a rollover is undertaken: The account owner orders a distribution of his current 401k plan assets (this is reported in the IRS Form 1099-R.) After receiving his assets, the account owner must put them into a new retirement plan within a span of sixty days; such a deposit must be reported in the IRS Form 5498. An account owner cannot undertake more than one 401k rollover within a span of twelve months.

4.) Withdraw the funds, pay a 10% penalty fee and the taxes on amount withdrawn If an employee decides to withdraw the proceeds, he has to pay a 10% penalty on a disincentive for undertaking a withdrawal. Moreover, the proceeds invite regular income tax rates. This makes the withdrawal process all the more expensive to the account owner. It is deliberately designed in such a manner to dissuade employees from using up their 401k funds before the age of retirement. In such a situation, the financial loss comes from the decades of tax-deferred compounding that the invested funds could have earned had the account owner not chosen to withdraw the proceeds.

Always consult a financial professional before making any decisions.

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Every year about this time, people start talking about and considering things like IRA contributions. Most of the time, tax-sheltered investments make great sense. The federal and state governments have designed their tax laws to encourage such savings. However, that said, there are three situations in which it may be a poor idea to use tax-sheltered investments:

You know youll need the money early

In this case, it may not be a good idea to lock away money you may need before retirement because there is usually a 10 percent early-withdrawal penalty paid on money retrieved from a retirement account before age 59 1/2. But you will also need money after you retire, so the What if I need the money? argument is more than a little weak. Yes, you may need the money before you retire, but you will absolutely need money after you retire.

You dont need to save any more for retirement

Using retirement planning vehicles, such as IRAs, may be a reasonable way to accumulate wealth. And the deferred taxes on your investment income do make your savings grow much more quickly. Nevertheless, if youve already saved enough money for retirement, its possible that you should consider other investment options as well as estate planning issues. This special case is beyond the scope of this book, but if it applies to you, I encourage you to consult a good personal financial plannerpreferably one who charges you an hourly fee, not one who earns a commission by selling you financial products you may not need.

Your tax rate will rise in retirement

The calculations get tricky, but if youre only a few years away from retirement and you believe income tax rates will be going up (perhaps to deal with the huge federal-budget deficit or because youll be paying a new state income tax), it may not make sense for you to save, say, 15 percent now but pay 45 percent later.

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Many people invest pretax earnings into their 401(k) funds, which they then have the option to invest in mutual funds of many options. You will find these mutual funds in a wide array of choices from money market accounts to very aggressive and risky stock portfolios. If you work for one of the many companies across the country that offers the option of a 401(k) plan you would be literally robbing your future self not to take advantage of this offering.

There are 3 general types of contributions to 401(k) plans: matching contributions, elective contributions, and non-elective contributions.

Matching contributions are very nice from the standpoint of the employee as the employer matches a predetermined amount of the funds invested by the employee towards this fund. Different companies will offer different amounts for their matching contributions. If your company will match up to a certain percentage of what you invest into your 401 (k) you should take them up on their offer. This is money that will benefit you later in life and should not be thrown away without a darn good for doing so.

An elective contribution is money that you invest before taxes are taken out of your salary. This means that you aren’t paying income taxes on these funds at today’s rate of taxation. Many people believe this is a good plan because the assumption is that you will be in a lower tax bracket upon retirement though there are no guarantees that that will be true. This money is money that you have elected to invest in your 401 (k) plan, rather than bring home in the form of salary, thus the name of elective contribution.

Non-elective contributions are money that employer deposits into your account. In most cases you cannot opt to take this money as cash rather than an investment in your 401 (k) plan.

There are limitations for how much you can invest into your 401 (k) plan on a given year. You should check with the IRS to get the actual numbers as they have changed over time and are likely to continue doing so as the cost of living increases across the country. Once you reach the age of 50 you are allowed to make extra contributions to your plan in order to ‘catch up’ and better prepare for retirement.

When studying your options for retirement financial planning you should carefully consider taking your employer up on any type of assistance they offer in this endeavor. If they offer to match the funds you invest in your retirement you can bet that money has already been deducted in their calculations of your salary. In other words, they are giving you the money you’ve earned in a different manner. The good news is that when the time comes to retire you will be able to appreciate every dollar that has been invested along the way.

We could never hope to simply save the money that we will need in order to retire. Even investments are tricky for the vast majority of the population. For this reason, it is a wise investment plan to take advantage of any opportunity to increase your funds by employers matching your contributions. Take the maximum benefit they will match and if you are seriously worried about your financial future more than your current financial situations, invest the maximum allowable amount each year in your 401 (k) plan.

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Once deposited in the special savings account, the funds in the 401k are then invested into many different types of mutual funds, bonds, and stocks. The great thing about a 401k retirement plan is that all of these investments are completely free of taxes until the time comes for you to withdraw your money from the 401k account.

Beginning in the early part of the 1980s congress created the 401k retirement plan to allow people to begin saving money before they retire from their employment. It works as something of a financial net, ready for you when the time arrives.

There are several advantages with a 401k other than simply being a tax-exempt method of savings. Your employer may also have a match program. With this program, your employer would match part of your contribution into 401k. This means that whatever you contribute to your 401k, your employer will match a portion of it each pay period. Additionally, some employers raise the amount of their contribution when you have worked for them a certain number of years.

Another exciting aspect of 401k is that you have the option to determine where your funds will go when it is invested. To some, this is important and gives them the opportunity to maximize their retirement savings.

Furthermore, 401k has portability. If you should ever change jobs, you have many different options available in regard to your 401k. One of these options is to simply leave your 401k with your previous employer. This is the easiest option. However, you should be aware that the plan administrators could charge you for maintaining the account records. Another option is to roll the 401k over to the new employers plan. This will allow you to continue to deposit money into your 401k to add to the money you have already earned and saved.

You may also be able to rollover the 401k into an IRA. This is a great option, especially if employers only offer limited investments. You would have greater control over where your money is invested. Last, you could opt to completely cash the 401k out. This option has a few drawbacks. When you cash out your 401k plan, you must pay the taxes on that money and you could also be accessed a penalty for early withdrawal.

It is extremely important that you fully understand all of your options. Weigh the results of each one prior to making any decision about your 401k. Being educated, practical and informed before making your decision will help benefit your 401k and retirement in the long run.

Permission is granted to reprint this article as long as no changes are made, and the entire resource box is included.

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The 401(k) takes its name from the IRC (Internal Revenue Code) of 1978. The operation of the 401(k) is administered by the EBSA (Employee Benefits Security Administration) of the Department of Labor.

The 401(k) plan has a lot of advantages. First and foremost is that the employee can contribute pre-tax money that reduces the tax paid in each paycheck. Also, the company contribution and any growth in the fund is free of tax until withdrawn.

The compounding of the fund during a 20 to 30 year period is quite amazing. The employee has a lot of control in the direction of the future contributions. When the company matches your contributions, it adds something extra on top of your own money. All money in the plan can be moved from one company to another unlike pension.

The 401(k) plan is protected by pension laws since it is a personal investment plan. It includes protection from garnishment by creditors but not from domestic cases that include child support.

There are some disadvantages in the 401(k) plan, it is hard to get your 401(k) contributions before age 60 (59 1/2 to be exact). The 401(k) is not insured by the PBGC (Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp). Also, the company contributions do not kick in until a certain number of years of service have been given. The rules state that company matching contributions must either be a 3 year ‘cliff’ plan (100 percent after 3 years) or a 6-year ‘graded’ plan.

Employees participating in a 401(k) plan have many options for investment. In most cases a listing of mutual funds. The mutual funds usually include money market fund, treasuries, stock funds and bond funds. Some plans may include investing in company stock and US Savings Bonds. The employee gets to choose how the savings is invested. The employee can also choose at any time to stop contributions.

Financial advisers usually say that the average 401(k) contributor is non-aggressive in terms of their investment options. Stocks have historically outperformed other types of investment, since the 401(k) is a long term investment it should be able to minimize the stock fluctuations.

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The 401k Operations Manager, who oversaw the 401k daily fund operations, allegedly disbursed money from dormant 401k accounts to fictitious names he created. He then had the checks sent to his own office and deposited the funds into his own account,

HOW THE 401K ACCOUNTS WERE ROBBED

Point-by-point, this retirement operations manager eluded what should have been Wells Fargos own financial and procedural controls. He:

Requested name changes on dormant 401k accounts,
Provided false Social Security numbers for the fake names, then
Requested the disbursements from the accounts, and finally
Reset the account information back to the original owners.

Where were the procedural controls? At each step in this alleged theft, there should have been procedural controls to prevent someone from taking these actions without either an independent review and / or supervisory authorization.
A lack of independent review or supervisory oversight was only half the problem. The other half was bundling the record keeping and the assets under the same organization.

When a 401k plans administration and assets are at the same organization, the risk of insiders bypassing their own procedural controls is always present.

Five Actions You Must Take Now to Protect Your Plans Assets.

You put your 401k funds into the hands of those who seem trust worthy. Whether it is greed or some other need that results in the abandonment of their obligations and responsibilities to you, you need to protect yourself and your plans assets.

Here is what you need to do now–

First:

Check with your plan administrator or record keeper to determine whether they are also holding your assets. You may find that your record keeping is being done by one subsidiary and your assets are being held by another subsidiary or division of the same company.

Second:

Request a SAS -70 or SysTrust audit of the system, procedural and financial controls on your 401k assets.

A SAS 70 audit is designed to provide information and assurance to clients and their auditors regarding the organizations procedural and financial controls. The auditor renders an opinion on whether the controls were suitably designed, placed in operation, and operating effectively. The SAS 70 auditors report includes the independent auditor’s opinion, a description of the service organization’s controls, and the results of the service auditor’s procedures.

A SysTrust audit is designed to increase the comfort of management, customers, and business partners with systems that support a business or particular activity. In a SysTrust audit, the auditor evaluates and tests whether or not a specific system is reliable when measured against three essential principles: availability, security, and integrity.

Third:

Require that all Plan information changes be authorized by a Plan Representative or Trustee.

Have a standardized form that can be completed by the 401k record keeper. The data changes must then be approved by a plan representative. Often you will find that the plan representative is the one supplying both the data and the approval. Be sure to get a quarterly report of all information changes and the reasons for the changes.

Fourth:

Require that all plan participant disbursements be first approved and authorized by a plan representative.

All plans have standard distribution forms that need to be completed and approved prior to a disbursement. Make sure that these forms are being completed. Have your record keeper complete a form even if it is for an automatic rollover participant, one of those whose balance is between $1,000 and $5,000 and is being moved to an IRA. Just like the information changes, an accounting of all disbursements from the plan should be provided to you on a quarterly basis.

Fifth:

Transfer your plan to an organization that can meet your financial and procedural control requirements.

In the review of your plans record keeper, you may find many of the necessary controls and procedures lacking or non existent. If your record keeper can not provide the types of procedures and controls that will let you sleep at night, then it is time for a change.

By implementing the five actions now you will have one less furrowed brow. If however, you cant implement these actions now, you will be lying awake nights with one eye open for your plans assets.

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Vesting refers simply to the non-forfeitable percentage of your accounts assets. In other words, whatever you contribute to your 401(k) plan is always yours to keep including any rollover money.

If your employer contributes to your plan, a vesting schedule for the employers contribution is part of the plan. This schedule ties in a non-forfeitable percentage to the employers contribution for each year of service until you are fully vested 100% in the employer contribution.

Vesting schedules vary with the employer. A sample schedule could include you being fully vested after three years of service. After year one the schedule may have you one third vested; after year two you could be two thirds invested; finally upon your third anniversary you would have full entitlement to your employers contributions, thus you would be 100% vested.

In all cases, upon leaving a company your contribution and any rollover funds are yours to keep. However, depending on your employers vesting schedule only a percentage of the funds contributed by your employer may actually be yours to keep. If you leave before you are fully vested, you stand to lose a significant amount of money. Thus, it behooves you to calculate whether the financial benefits of the new job outweigh any potential loss of employer contributions to your 401(k) account.

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401k plans are now over 25 years old. They seemed a unique idea at first, but now just about every employer offers one. And Im sure I dont need to tell you that they are a great way to save and earn money over the years.

The issue here is whenever you setup a 401k, you usually diversify your plan with your employer. Obviously, you must invest using the current options your employer offers, which is good. Investing a little in the high risk, some in the moderate risk, and some in the lower risk funds its typically the plan. You may have been a little more open on taking risk 20 years ago than you are today. Maybe now you are a little more conservative in your investment goals. So you think you are diversified, right?

Not really especially if you have ten plans with ten different employers. Remember you tried to diversify each one when you set them up. Well, ten different plans diversified the same way means that your portfolio is not really diversified at all. One employers moderate risk program may be another employers low risk plan. Your 401k 15 years ago where you invested in tech stocks was probably a high risk option. Now some of those high tech stocks are the most conservative investments.

The only way to manage your multiple 401k plans effectively is to combine them into one plan, under one investment portfolio and review it at least annually. One of the great things about 401k plans is they are transferable. The important thing is not ever to close a 401k and reinvest it, this is a taxable event. You can easily transfer your old 401k plans into an existing or a new 401k so you can manage your risk.

This is one time when everything under one umbrella is the way to go.

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The good news is that like many things around the world we are learning from our mistakes and working to create a new and improved 401(k) for employees across the country. With this in mind and the advances that have been made very few people can honestly state that they are worried about the security of their money as a reason not to participate in their company offered 401(k) programs. The problem remains that far too many people believe in the sanctity of a now dieing system for retirement funds.

The truth of the matter is that no matter what, chances are very slim that social security will provide any sort of security for those that are retiring and relying on this as their ‘golden’ years. There have been mistakes along the way and will continue to be. Not only do the administrators of these plans make the mistakes but also by those receiving the benefit of these plans, which can be so very important when, it comes to establishing some degree of security for your financial retirement planning.

Along the way we’ve learned that the penalties for borrowing against your funds can be much more harsh than a mere slap on the wrist. We’ve also learned the cashing out is very rarely a wise decision in the grand scheme of things when it comes to your 401(k) plan. These lessons are hard learned in many cases and cost years if not decades of your retirement plan. Do not make these mistakes unless the stakes truly merit the costs involved.

Don’t be afraid to actually make the investments you feel are necessary in order to maximize the potential of your 401(k). This is your retirement after all and the new rules regarding your 401(k) are putting you in the driver’s seat so to speak. Don’t let yourself and your investment down by not doing the necessary research. If you plan to invest in stocks make sure that you are diversifying your stock holdings and that you have thoroughly researched the stocks in which you are investing.

You should also take the time to research the differences in a traditional 401(k) and a Roth 401(k) and see which one you feel will best suit your needs as a consumer and as an investor. There are marked advantages and disadvantages associated with each and ultimately which is better comes down to a matter of preference as there really is no absolute right or wrong answer to this question.

I strongly encourage you to seek the services of a competent financial planner in order to help you properly diversify your portfolio for long-term investing with maximum potential. I believe you will be amazed at the miracles that the right financial mind can work when it comes to your funds.

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A friend of mine at work got into the I fund (based on the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE) at the right time and rode it to some great profits. He said that as oil prices rose so did the I fund. Being a curious fellow I decided to take a look and an interesting pattern appeared.

I graphed the five funds available in the Thrift Savings Plan, 401k retirement plan.

The funds are:

The C Fund is based on the S&P 500
The F Fund is designed to match the bonds in the Lehman Brothers U.S. Aggregate (LBA) index.
The G Fund invests in short-term U.S. treasuries
The S Fund follows the Wilshire 4500 index
The I Fund follows the EAFE index

I chose the start date of this graph as 5/1/2005. I chose this date for a reason. This was the start of the great price increase in oil last year. During this period, the C fund (based on the S&P 500) had a slow and steady rise. The S fund (based on the Wilshire 4500 index) had a greater rise but it was the I fund which almost seems to be in lock step with oil prices. When the price of NYMEX Light Sweet Crude rose, the I fund rose. When the price of NYMEX Light Sweet Crude fell, the I fund fell. There was not an exact percentage by percentage match but the pattern was unmistakable.

We know that the I fund, which is based on the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE does hold a portion of its assets in foreign oil companies including BP and Royal Dutch Petroleum. Could this explain the seeming link? Not in its entirely as there is too much not in oil to explain. Could it be that rising oil prices are seen as bad for the US and investments are following suit outside of the US? Perhaps but even so, the C and S fund did rise as well, though there is certainly oil money in there as well.

I am prone to lay low on stocks during the summer through Mid October but an active hurricane season threatening our domestic oil fields and refineries in the Gulf of Mexico combined with the ever present risk of unpleasantness in the Middle East, might just have me ready to hit the button on an allocation back into the I fund at a moments notice.

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